It is commonly found in or along rivers and streams, as it is a very capable swimmer. However, it prefers to live in rainforest due to the humidity and temperature, natural cover from predators, and vast amount of potential prey. constrictor flourishes in a wide variety of environmental conditions, from tropical rainforests to arid semidesert country. The type locality given is "Indiis"-a mistake, according to Peters and Orejas-Miranda (1970). Virgin Islands now appears to be reproducing in the wild. An introduced population exists in extreme southern Florida, and a small population on St. Pelvic spurs are the only external sign of the rudimentary hind legs and pelvis and are seen in all boas and pythons.ĭepending on the subspecies, Boa constrictor can be found through South America north of 35°S ( Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Argentina), and many other islands along the coasts of South America. Other examples of sexual dimorphism in the species include males generally having longer tails to contain the hemipenes and also longer pelvic spurs, which are used to grip and stimulate the female during copulation. constrictor reaches, and occasionally tops, the averages given above, as it is one of the relatively large subspecies of Boa constrictor. The size and weight of a boa constrictor depends on subspecies, locale, and the availability of suitable prey. Some specimens of this species can reach or possibly exceed 45 kg (100 lb), although this is not usual. Females, the larger sex, more commonly weigh 10 to 15 kg (22 to 33 lb). The boa constrictor is a heavy-bodied snake, and large specimens can weigh up to 27 kg (60 lb). A report of a boa constrictor growing up to 18.5 ft (5.6 m) was later found to be a misidentified green anaconda. COMMON BOA CONSTRICTOR SKINThe largest documented non-stretched dry skin is deposited at Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM 4961/2012) and measures 14.6 ft (4.45 m) without head. Females commonly exceed 10 ft (3.0 m), particularly in captivity, where lengths up to 12 ft (3.7 m) or even 14 ft (4.3 m) can be seen. The usual size of mature female boas is between 7 and 10 ft (2.1 and 3.0 m) whereas males are between 6 and 8 ft (1.8 and 2.4 m). Clear sexual dimorphism is seen in the species, with females generally being larger in both length and girth than males. The boa constrictor is a large snake, although it is only modestly sized in comparison to other large snakes, such as the reticulated python, Burmese python, or the occasionally sympatric green anaconda, and can reach lengths from 3 to 13 ft (0.91 to 3.96 m) depending on the locality and the availability of suitable prey. melanogaster Langhammer, 1983: a nomen dubium. Several other subspecies have been described at different times, but currently, these are no longer considered to be subspecies by many herpetologists and taxonomists. The subspecific name ortonii is in honor of American naturalist James Orton. Illustration of Boa constrictor eques (Eydoux & Souleyet 1842), synonymized into B. COMMON BOA CONSTRICTOR FULLBoa imperator, Boa nebulosa and Boa sigma have been elevated to full species status. Some appear to be based more on location, rather than biological differences. Several subspecies of Boa constrictor have been described, but many of these are poorly differentiated, and further research may redefine many of them. Other common names include chij-chan ( Mayan), jiboia ( Latin American), and macajuel ( Trinidadian). Within the exotic pet trade, it is also known as a "BCC", an abbreviation of its scientific name, to distinguish it from other boa species, such as Boa imperator or "BCI." Though all boids are constrictors, only this species is properly referred to as a "boa constrictor"-a rare instance of an animal having the same common English name and scientific binomial name.Īll subspecies are referred to as "boa constrictors", and are part of a diverse group of New World boas referred to as "red-tailed" boas, comprising species of both Boa constrictor and Boa imperator. This article focuses on the species Boa constrictor as a whole, and on the nominate subspecies B. Four subspecies are currently recognized. A staple of private collections and public displays, its color pattern is highly variable yet distinctive. The boa constrictor is a member of the family Boidae, found in tropical South America, as well as some islands in the Caribbean. The boa constrictor (scientific name also Boa constrictor), also called the red-tailed boa or the common boa, is a species of large, non-venomous, heavy-bodied snake that is frequently kept and bred in captivity.
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To save you time, I’ve grouped the most effective methods I’ve seen. Taxes and 911 surcharges apply.It can take a lot of time to find an effective way to fix your slow internet. Optional battery backup can be purchased separately at /batterybackup. During a power outage, you may not be able to make calls, including to 911, without backup power for the Residential Gateway and/or the Optical Network Terminal, or an alternate means of calling. †Frontier fiber optic phone service, including 911 service, requires electrical or battery backup power to function. Other restrictions, Frontier policies and service terms apply. Equipment return required at disconnection, up to $150 per device if not returned. A $10 fee applies when Internet is disconnected. Activation ($85) and other applicable charges, additional services and taxes are extra & subject to change during & after the promo period. Performance details: /internetdisclosures. will apply, NY, PA and select customers excluded. Beginning April 2022, a printed bill fee of $2.99/mo. Must order new Frontier Internet service to receive $6 off monthly charge.įor new residential Frontier Internet customers. **Multi-Device Security covers up to 10 devices. c/o eero LLC, 660 3rd St., San Francisco, CA. eero and all related marks are trademarks of, Inc. Frontier speedtest software#See for more details regarding terms for eero products, software and services. Some eero features require linking your Amazon account. Actual range and performance can vary, including due to factors such as interference, device usage, building materials, and obstructions. Coverage estimates are based on normal use conditions. Experienced speeds may vary based on network configuration. Maximum wireless signal rates are derived from IEEE standard 802.11 specification. *eero: Internet connection speeds depend on the current internet speed you have with Frontier. Other applicable charges and additional services are extra. 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Up to $200 pro-rated early termination fee applies. *Visa Reward Card Offers: Not redeemable for cash. ITUNES FOR MAC OS CATALINA DOWNLOADIf you sign up for Spotify Premium and pay a monthly membership, you get access to all of the features ad-free and can save and download songs to play them off-line. ITUNES FOR MAC OS CATALINA FREEThe free version of Spotify will give you access to a vast amount of music but you will have to listen to some advertisements between songs. If you are a big music fan, Spotify offers a way to explore and discover that is far above other options out there. This feature can really help you expand your musical horizons and I’ve found so many new and different artists from all over the world that has helped my library to keep growing. In addition to being able to search for your favorite bands and artists, Spotify also creates individualized playlists based on your listening habits. It is a well-designed and fully-functional music streaming app that allows you to find and listen to almost anything they could think of. If you are the type who likes to discover new music all of the time and also wants all of your favorites in one place, Spotify has everything you are looking for. Spotify is an awesome streaming music service that is one of the most popular apps of its kind in the world. The app also syncs up some background information on artists in your library so you can learn cool facts and stories about all of the musicians you love. Musique has a really nice look to it overall and it should function well if you have a large music collection and like having the visuals that go along with the music. It is always nice to see pictures of your favorite bands when playing their music and this app really excels in this area. This makes for a library that feels like an old record collection and is fun to browse. Musique offers an easy layout that organizes all of your music in a way similar to iTunes so it is easy to browse and search your library for whatever songs or albums you are in the mood for.Įven though Musique is kind of a simple app in design, it does a really good job of creating artist images and downloads cover art automatically so you can see the visual media that goes alongside your music, just like the artists intended. This app is pretty basic in form and function but you don’t really need a lot to have a great music app. Musique is another excellent iTunes alternative for Mac that is easy to use and free to download and use. If you are willing to pay a little, you can access 30,000 different radio stations for a nearly endless supply of new tunes! Vox also offers a cloud storage service for your music and media, but it’s a little on the expensive side. Vox is free to download and the basic version has a lot to offer. This feature is nice if you want to have all of your music and media in one place. There are other features that allow you to sync the Vox app to SoundCloud and YouTube which is great for multi-media considerations. You can import all of your songs from your iTunes library or other locations on your computer really easily. Vox can also playback HD Audio which is great if you create music or like high-quality audio.Ī cool thing about Vox is that it is easy to set up and get started. This music player has the ability to play many different common formats including MP3, APE, M4A, FLAC, and CUE, so it is a great option if you have songs in your library that are not all in the same format. The Vox interface seems pretty simple but it packs a lot of punch. Vox Music Player for Mac is a fully functional alternative to iTunes that is pretty popular. However, there are multiple options when it comes to streaming music and media services, so let’s take a look at some great iTunes alternatives for Mac users. ITUNES FOR MAC OS CATALINA TV“Three all-new apps - Apple Music, Apple Podcasts and Apple TV- replace iTunes and make it easy and fun to discover and enjoy music, TV shows, movies and podcasts on Mac.” Just two years ago, when the new macOS Catalina was available to download, iTunes is NO longer available according to Apple’s official news release: It’s also a mobile device management app built in macOS that allows you to sync and back up your iPhone or iPad. ITunes was one of the first music and media streaming and download services and it provided an exciting service that allowed music fans to access all of their favorite songs and albums online. The rise of digital media has made it easier than ever to obtain and listen to your favorite music. Years ago, you had to buy a physical copy of the album you wanted at a record store. Streaming music has revolutionized how we all listen to and consume our favorite bands and artists. In reality, the Proud Boys bear many of the hallmarks of a gang, and its members have taken part in multiple acts of brutal violence and intimidation. In McInnes’ own words, the Proud Boys are a “pro-western fraternity,” essentially a drinking club dedicated to male bonding, socializing and the celebration all things related to western culture. Their founder, Gavin McInnes, went so far as to file a defamation lawsuit against the Southern Poverty Law Center when the SPLC designated the Proud Boys a hate group. While the group can be described as violent, nationalistic, Islamophobic, transphobic and misogynistic, its members represent a range of ethnic backgrounds, and its leaders vehemently protest any allegations of racism. The Proud Boys represent an unconventional strain of American right-wing extremism. In 2021, Proud Boys latched on to anti-mask and anti-vaccine activism, showing up at school board meetings as well as related protests and rallies. Recent Activity: Proud Boys members accounted for one of the highest number of extremist arrestees in relation to the Jan 6 insurrection.Members have been known to engage in violent tactics several members have been convicted of violent crimes. Membership: Controlled by local chapter leadership and subject to initiation rituals.Global footprint: Proud Boys have international chapters in Canada, Britain, Ireland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Australia and the Philippines.Notable characteristics: Members frequently wear black and yellow Fred Perry polo shirts, other black and yellow clothing and tactical vests.Membership: There are 119 active Proud Boys chapters across 46 states recognized by the national Proud Boys organization. Some members espouse white supremacist and antisemitic ideologies and/or engage with white supremacist groups. They are primarily misogynistic, Islamophobic, transphobic and anti-immigration. |
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